IELTS 文法・表現練習

模範解答: Although

Although public transport is often crowded, it remains the most efficient option.

譲歩の構文を使うと、相反する情報を同じ文の中に入れて論証をより深められますが、主節の前に but を重ねて置かないようにしましょう。

模範解答: Having considered

Having considered both arguments, I believe the benefits outweigh the drawbacks.

主節の動作より前にすでに完了した動作を示すために使い、主語の重複を避けて文章をより簡潔にできます。

模範解答: Not only does

Not only does regular exercise improve physical health, but it also reduces stress.

Not only が文頭に置かれるとき、前半の文では部分倒置が必要です。2つの並列する利点を強調するために使います。

模範解答: had invested earlier

If cities had invested earlier, they would now face fewer transport problems.

過去の仮定によって現在の結果を説明する表現で、より正確な因果関係を示すのに適しています。

模範解答: What matters most

What matters most is whether the policy can be implemented fairly.

What節を文頭に置くことで、本当に強調したい要素を前に出し、主張をより明確にできます。

模範解答: It is widely believed that

It is widely believed that education should prepare students for practical life.

非人称の受動態を使うと、一般的な見解を客観的に導入できますが、文章ではその後に根拠も示す必要があります。

模範解答: plays a pivotal role

Public transport plays a pivotal role in reducing urban congestion.

play an important role より簡潔で、Task 2 の論証で物事の中心的な役割を述べるのに適しています。

模範解答: From my perspective

From my perspective, remote work gives employees greater flexibility.

会話で自然に自分の判断を切り出すのに適しており、ややフォーマルな文章にも使えます。

模範解答: in the long run

Renewable energy can reduce household costs in the long run.

政策、教育、環境対策の長期的な結果について議論するときに使い、会話でも文章でもよく用いられます。

模範解答: take the needs of rural communities into account

Governments should take the needs of rural communities into account.

意思決定の際にある要素を考慮する必要があることを示す表現で、単純な consider よりも構造が明確です。

模範解答: has given rise to

The rapid growth of tourism has given rise to concerns about overcrowding.

「引き起こす」「もたらす」を表す正式な表現で、社会問題の因果関係を論じる際に適しています。

模範解答: make a significant contribution

Better public parks can make a significant contribution to community health.

ある施策の積極的な影響を評価する際に適した表現です。contribution の後には to が続くことに注意しましょう。

模範解答: put this in context

To put this in context, last year's growth was three percent.

背景を補足する

模範解答: forecast to exceed

Operating costs are forecast to exceed the annual budget.

予算超過を予測する

模範解答: Based on this analysis

Based on this analysis, we recommend extending the pilot.

分析から提案する

模範解答: consider an alternative

Could we consider an alternative that requires fewer resources?

代替案を提案する

模範解答: main finding

The main finding is that response time improved.

主要な発見を述べる

模範解答: based on

This forecast is based on the latest sales data.

根拠を示す

模範解答: There is a risk that

There is a risk that the shipment will arrive late.

リスクを明示する

模範解答: compared with

Revenue increased by eight percent compared with last quarter.

比較結果を示す